Notes for

Free Code Camp

Introduction to Linux Distribution Families and Key Terms

Linux Distribution Families

Linux distributions are variations of the Linux operating system that come with different sets of tools, desktop environments, and features tailored to various use cases.

Red Hat Family
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL): A stable, enterprise-focused distribution.
- CentOS: A free and community-supported rebuild of RHEL.
- Fedora: A cutting-edge distribution, often used as a testing ground for RHEL.
SUSE Family
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES): A commercial, enterprise-grade distribution.
- openSUSE: A free, community-supported version with options for stable (Leap) or rolling releases (Tumbleweed).
Debian Family
- Debian: A stable and free distribution known for its robustness and extensive software repository.
- Ubuntu: Based on Debian, designed to be user-friendly with regular updates and long-term support (LTS) versions.
- Linux Mint: Built on Ubuntu/Debian, designed for ease of use, especially for beginners.

Key Linux Terms

Kernel
- The core of the operating system that acts as a bridge between applications and hardware (CPU, memory, and devices).
Distribution (Distro)
- A collection of software (including the kernel, libraries, and utilities) that forms a complete operating system.
Boot Loader
- A program that initializes and starts the operating system (e.g., GRUB).
Service (Daemon)
- A program that runs in the background to perform specific tasks (e.g., managing web servers or networking).
File System
- The method used to store, organize, and retrieve files on a storage medium (e.g., ext4, NTFS).
X Window System
- A standard protocol and toolkit for managing graphical user interfaces (GUIs).
Desktop Environment
- A collection of software providing a graphical user interface, such as GNOME, KDE, or XFCE.
Command Line
- An interface for typing commands directly to interact with the system.
Shell
- A command-line interpreter that processes user commands and interacts with the kernel.